[轉貼]離完成既日子都只係得幾日,聽新聞講仲可能會世界未日tim
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離完成既日子都只係得幾日,聽新聞講仲可能會世界未日tim wo!
唔知各位巴打有咩睇法呢??
倒數器:http://www.lhcountdown.com
對撞器新聞及圖片:
〔編譯羅彥傑／紐約時報報導〕
兩位民間人士向美國夏威夷聯邦法院提訟。如果他們所言不假，則伊拉克烽火連天，索馬利亞局勢動盪，乃至美國人民負擔不起次級房貸、甚至買不起米等這些頭版新聞都將不值一哂，因為他們認為，位於瑞士日內瓦郊區、預定今夏開始撞擊質子的一台巨型粒子加速器，可能會製造一個小黑洞，進而造成地球、乃至宇宙的末日。科學家則聲稱可能性很低，但也做了一些預防措施以防萬一。
重現宇宙大霹靂狀態
集合全世界一流物理學家的歐洲核子研究中心（ＣＥＲＮ），花十四年的時間及八十億美元打造大型強子對撞器（ＬＨＣ），在對撞器內對撞的質子，將重新創造出能量及自宇宙大爆炸後兆分之一秒所見到的狀況。研究人員將從這些原初的創造物中篩選殘骸，作為探索質量本質與自然界新力量與對稱性的線索。
恐吞噬整個地球
然而，華格納與桑喬表示，這些科學家刻意淡化對撞器可能製造小黑洞、進而吞噬整個地球的機率。其次，對撞器也可能吐出「奇夸克物質」（strangelet），將地球轉變為一團縮為極高密度的「奇異物質」。他們的狀紙也指控ＣＥＲＮ沒有遵守「國家環境政策法」的規定，做環境衝擊報告。
雖然這聽來很玄，但本案確實碰觸到近年來困擾科學界的一個嚴肅問題，換言之，該如何評估破天荒的實驗會帶來什麼風險，以及由誰決定要不要進行實驗。
2民間人士控告ＣＥＲＮ
華格納與桑喬本月二十一日向法院遞狀控告，包括美國能源部、費米國家加速器實驗室、國家科學基金會及ＣＥＲＮ都被列為被告。他們要求法院下達暫時禁制令，禁止ＣＥＲＮ繼續使用對撞器做實驗，直到該組織完成安全與環境評估報告。代表能源部的司法部發言人說，此案預定六月十六日開庭。
然而，為什麼總部設在瑞士的歐洲國家組織，應該出席美國夏威夷檀香山的法院？
華格納受訪時說：「我不知道他們是否會出庭。」他說，ＣＥＲＮ必須自願接受該法院的管轄，他和桑喬原本也可以在法國或瑞士提訟，但為了節省花費，才在夏威夷提告。他宣稱，對費米實驗室與能源部下達禁制令就能關閉這項計畫。
華格納住在夏威夷的大島，研究物理並在柏克萊加州大學進行宇宙射線研究，且曾在沙加緬度現稱北加大的大學取得法學博士。桑喬則自稱是作家與時間理論研究人員，定居西班牙。
破天荒實驗 風險難評估
強子對撞器令人憂心的關鍵在黑洞，若干類型的弦論已指出對撞器內部會出現黑洞。雖然出現機率很低，但近年來許多文獻對此大吹大擂。根據當代天文物理學家霍金一九七四年發表的文章，黑洞會在輻射與基本粒子移動瞬間迅速蒸發，因此不會帶來任何威脅。不過，沒人見過黑洞蒸發，這也是華格納等人主張非完全無據的原因。
Large Hadron Collider(LHC) nearly ready (高清照片) 
View of the CMS (Compact Muon Solenoid) experiment Tracker Outer Barrel (TOB) in the cleaning room. The CMS is one of two general-purpose LHC experiments designed to explore the physics of the Terascale, the energy region where physicists believe they will find answers to the central questions at the heart of 21st-century particle physics. (Maximilien Brice, © CERN)
The Globe of Innovation in the morning. The wooden globe is a structure originally built for Switzerland's national exhibition, Expo'02, and is 40 meters wide, 27 meters tall. (Maximilien Brice; Claudia Marcelloni, © CERN)
Assembly and installation of the ATLAS Hadronic endcap Liquid Argon Calorimeter. The ATLAS detector contains a series of ever-larger concentric cylinders around the central interaction point where the LHC's proton beams collide. (Roy Langstaff, © CERN)
Checks are performed on the alignment of the magnets in the LHC tunnel. It is vital that each magnet is placed exactly where it has been designed so that the path of the beam is precisely controlled. (Maximilien Brice, © CERN)
The ALICE Inner Tracking System during its transport in the experimental cavern and its insertion into the Time Projection Chamber (TPC). ALICE (A Large Ion Collider Experiment @ CERN) will study the physics of ultrahigh-energy proton-proton and lead-lead collisions and will explore conditions in the first instants of the universe, a few microseconds after the Big Bang. (Maximilien Brice, © CERN)
Insertion of the tracker in the heart of the CMS detector. (Maximilien Brice, © CERN)
The LHCb electromagnetic calorimeter. This huge 6X7 square meter wall consists of 3300 blocks containing scintillator, fibre optics and lead. It will measure the energy of particles produced in proton-proton collisions at the LHC when it is started. Photons, electrons and positrons will pass through the layers of material in these modules and deposit their energy in the detector through a shower of particles. (Maximilien Brice, © CERN)
Photo from the CMS pixel-strip integration test performed at the Tracker Integration Facility at the Meyrin site. (Maximilien Brice, © CERN)
French, Swiss and CERN firemen move rescue equipment through the LHC tunnel. (Maximilien Brice, © CERN)
View of the LHC cryo-magnet inside the tunnel. (Maximilien Brice, © CERN)
Insertion of the tracker in the heart of the CMS detector. (Maximilien Brice, © CERN)
The Z+ end of the CMS Tracker with Tracker Outer Barrel completed. (Maximilien Brice, © CERN)
View from the surface during lowering of the first ATLAS small wheel into the tunnel on side C of the cavern. (Claudia Marcelloni, © CERN)
Lowering of one of the two ATLAS muon small wheels into the cavern. (Claudia Marcelloni, © CERN)
View of the ATLAS detector during July 2007 (Claudia Marcelloni, © CERN)
A welder works on the interconnection between two of the LHC's superconducting magnet systems, in the LHC tunnel. (Maximilien Brice, © CERN)
View of the CMS detector at the end of 2007. (Maximilien Brice, © CERN)
Transporting the ATLAS Magnet Toroid End-Cap A between building 180 to ATLAS point 1. (Claudia Marcelloni, © CERN)
View of the ATLAS cavern side A beginning of February 2008, before lowering of the Muon Small Wheels (Maximilien Brice; Claudia Marcelloni, © CERN)
The L3 magnet in the ALICE cavern, with one door almost closed. (Mona Schweizer, © CERN)
Lowering of the last element (YE-1) of the CMS detector into its underground experimental cavern. (Mona Schweizer, © CERN)
The first ATLAS Inner Detector End-Cap after complete insertion within the Liquid Argon Cryostat. (Claudia Marcelloni; Max Brice, © CERN)
Installation of the ATLAS pixel detector into the cavern (Claudia Marcelloni, © CERN)
Installation of the Beam Pipe in the ATLAS cavern (Maximilien Brice, © CERN)
View of the Computer Center during the installation of servers. (Maximilien Brice; Claudia Marcelloni, © CERN)
Installation of the world's largest silicon tracking detector in the CMS experiment. (Michael Hoch, © CERN)
Aerial view of CERN and the surrounding region of Switzerland and France. Three rings are visible, the smaller (at lower right) shows the underground position of the Proton Synchrotron, the middle ring is the Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) with a circumference of 7 km and the largest ring (27 km) is that of the former Large Electron and Positron collider (LEP) accelerator with part of Lake Geneva in the background. (© CERN)
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July 6th, 2008
Knocking on the LHC's door
Thanks to a huge collaborative effort the final commissioning of the transfer line TI8 has been successful. There was both excitement and relief as, after some unforeseen delays, the beam burst onto the monitors in the Control Room on Saturday 24th May. Although the beam is less intense (at around 5 thousand million protons per bunch) than will eventually be used in the LHC, this test represents an important milestone in the run-up to the switch-on of the accelerator.
Posted in LHC articles | 1 Comment »
July 6th, 2008
The final cool down
Thursday 29th May, the cool-down of the final sector (sector 4-5) of LHC has begun, one week after the start of the cool-down of sector 1-2. It will take five weeks for the sectors to be cooled from room temperature to 5 K and a further two weeks to complete the cool down to 1.9 K and the commissioning of cryogenic instrumentation, as well as to fine tune the cryogenic plants and the cooling loops of cryostats.
Nearly a year and half has passed since sector 7-8 was cooled for the first time in January 2007. For Laurent Tavian, AT/CRG Group Leader, reaching the final phase of the cool down is an important milestone, confirming the basic design of the cryogenic system and the ability to operate complete sectors. "All the sectors have to operate at the same time otherwise we cannot inject the beam into the machine. The stability and reliability of the cryogenic system and its utilities are now very important. That will be the new challenge for the coming months," he explains.
The status of the cool down of all eight sectors can be found at:
http://lhc.web.cern.ch/lhc/Cooldown_status.htm
Posted in LHC articles | 4 Comments »
May 19th, 2008
May 19th, 2008
Energising the quest for 'big theory'
"We are at a point where experiments must guide us, we cannot make progress without them," explains Jim Virdee, a particle physicist at Imperial College London."
Posted in LHC articles | 14 Comments »
May 19th, 2008
LHC Cooldown status
The current and up to date cooldown status can be viewed in the link below:
http://lhc.web.cern.ch/lhc/Cooldown_status.htm
Posted in LHC articles | 21 Comments »
May 13th, 2008
A clarification
The countdown timer was set to the 15th of May because there was no definite time given for the actual activation, recent events show that CERN wont be dividing by zero until much later on in the year, so now the countdown timer will be reset again and will be continually tweaked to go by the latest info that CERN are releasing.
So sorry to disappoint you all, but you wont be dying tomorrow.
Posted in LHC articles | 360 Comments »
April 12th, 2008
The home straight
On 14 July 1989, the first beam was injected into CERN's new flagship particle accelerator, LEP, with first collisions coming one month later. Could history be about to repeat itself? As I write this, Sector 5-6 of the LHC has been cooled down, and the sectors between point 1 and point 7 are cooling. Up to now, two sectors have been cooled and warmed up again, but for all the others, the cool-down is definitive.
Posted in LHC articles | 48 Comments »
January 23rd, 2008
A Giant Takes On Physics' Biggest Questions - nytimes
300 FEET BELOW MEYRIN, Switzerland — The first thing that gets you is the noise.
Physics, after all, is supposed to be a cerebral pursuit. But this cavern almost measureless to the eye, stuffed as it is with an Eiffel Tower's worth of metal, eight-story wheels of gold fan-shape boxes, thousands of miles of wire and fat ductlike coils, echoes with the shriek of power tools, the whine of pumps and cranes, beeps and clanks from wrenches, hammers, screwdrivers and the occasional falling bolt. It seems no place for the studious.
Posted in LHC articles | 13 Comments »
January 22nd, 2008
Crash Course
Can a seventeen-mile-long collider unlock the universe?
by Elizabeth Kolbert
The European Organization for Nuclear Research, known as CERN, has its offices on the outskirts of Geneva, in an area once devoted to dairy farms and now given over to sprawl. The offices occupy several dozen buildings, some of them in Switzerland and the remainder, a few hundred yards away, in France. The buildings are reachable by roads with names like Route Bohr, Route Schrödinger, and Route Curie. By the entrance to the complex, there is a museum—nearly empty the day I visited—that attempts to make particle physics comprehensible to the general public. Behind that there is a park where bits of old cyclotrons are displayed, like playground equipment from Mars.
Posted in LHC articles | 21 Comments »
January 22nd, 2008
Valerio Mezzanotti for The New York Times
May 15, 2007
A Giant Takes On Physics' Biggest Questions
By DENNIS OVERBYE
Correction Appended
300 FEET BELOW MEYRIN, Switzerland — The first thing that gets you is the noise.
Physics, after all, is supposed to be a cerebral pursuit. But this cavern almost measureless to the eye, stuffed as it is with an Eiffel Tower's worth of metal, eight-story wheels of gold fan-shape boxes, thousands of miles of wire and fat ductlike coils, echoes with the shriek of power tools, the whine of pumps and cranes, beeps and clanks from wrenches, hammers, screwdrivers and the occasional falling bolt. It seems no place for the studious.
Read the rest of this entry »
Posted in LHC articles | 57 Comments »
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